Reporting on tragedy and trauma has been integral to the history of literary journalism, illustrated by distinguished practitioners such as Hemingway, Hersey, Capote, Didion, Talese, Herr, Thompson, Conover and LeBlanc. Through their extended immersion, ethnographic research and participant observation in stories of conflict, crime, disaster, war and other stressful and hazardous coverage, narrative nonfiction authors have been subjected to physical harm or injury and have often endured significant emotional consequences and even disabling psychological effects.